5. The Case Study
Brazil is the third biggest chicken producer in the world, following the USA and China and it is the main exporter, following by the USA. South Brazil and Center-West are the major producer regions. Both regions are also major producers of soya and corn, components of the chicken meal. However, the Brazilian main market is São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, three states localized in the Southeast Brazil and the most profitable regionS for raw frozen chicken and cuts is the northeast region. So products from the main companies have to travel a considerable way by truck to be consumed.
Big companies, for around 40 years exploring this market developed a huge system of production, exportation and sales in Brazil. However, the basis of those is frozen food with few offerings of chilled meat. The frozen chicken chain starts with hen's egg being imported from USA or Canada for being the -grandmother". Those grandmothers, from when they are 20 weeks old, produce eggs for 60 weeks. Their -puppies" follow the same process and at 20 weeks, with artificially insemination of fowl sperm, will produce eggs for 60 weeks.
Those eggs will stay for around 21 days in an incubation plant in general close to breeding farms. After creation, those fowls will finally be hatching and will be transported to a farm of growing and fattening. The rearing process will take around 36 to 42 days. Then those birds will be slaughtered and their meat will pass thro ugh the so called primary processing (carcass production). Most part of the plants are equipped to generate further processing, having as final product cuts of chicken such as feet, breast, leg quarters, leg boneless, wings and so on, all of them frozen.
The process in Brazil is not in synchrony and frozen stocks are very common. Those products are, in general, conducted until a consolidator and then they go to a regional distribution center, following the demand forecast and consensus meeting, a meeting with marketing, sales and operation of each big company, varying a little from each other, but that determines where to sell what was produced (specially the compulsory push sales one) and what to produce in pull demand plan. Most of the chicken parts are compulsorily produced because Brazil produces, for example, breast to export to Europe, and boneless leg to Japan and need to force sales of other parts of chicken in Brazil. Besides that, the frozen structures allow more time of stocks.
The most important in this process is that sales force will sell only what is positioned into regional distribution centers and for chicken the most part of production is -Fordism" or a -Lean manufacturing" that pushes products into distribution systems with compulsory production. The frozen system is not working well, but it is enough to give a positive financial result for food distribution with food between from six months to two years of shelf life. The software of optimization of logistics of distribution is considering only minimum costs as objective function and it is affecting the possibility of enjoying new strategies. Production by order is something difficult to practice when there are those compulsory sales mentioned above.
An example of short shelf life food distribution is fresh milk. Below it is illustrated how fresh milk is produced in a city of Paraná, South Brazil and transported to São Paulo city, the main market where a contractor seller will pick up the shipment at a transshipment point, using small trucks and distribute it selling through bakery houses around the São Paulo metropolitan area. For the company studied the product is first sold and then it is produced in a make to order system. For the contractor seller, that buys productS fro the industry, the sales will be simultaneously with the distribution because the product has a i~a1ly small shelf life, of only 7 days.
The milk sales cycle starts with the contractor sellers calling the call center and ordering how many liters he will need for doing his clients routes. The process will be transmitted to a central that will process and consolidate the order until 11h30 am and then will transfer this order to the industry that will produce only what was ordered. The next figure shows the flow of distribution. It will be produced in Paraná, then fresh milk will pa ss through a transshipment and will be sold by a contractor seller to bakeries.
5.กรณีศึกษาบราซิลเป็นสามไก่แหล่งผลิตในโลก ต่อสหรัฐอเมริกาและจีน และเป็นผู้ส่งออกหลัก ตาม ด้วยสหรัฐอเมริกา บราซิลใต้และตะวันตกศูนย์คือ โปรดิวเซอร์หลักขอบเขต ภูมิภาคทั้งยังเป็นแหล่งผลิตที่สำคัญของถั่วเหลือง และข้าวโพด ส่วนประกอบของอาหารไก่ อย่างไรก็ตาม ตลาดหลักบราซิลคือ เซาเปาลู ริโอเดอจาเนโร และ Minas Gerais อเมริกาสามภาษาท้องถิ่นในประเทศบราซิลตะวันออกเฉียงใต้และภูมิภาคกำไรมากที่สุดสำหรับไก่แช่แข็งวัตถุดิบ และตัดเป็นภูมิภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ ดังนั้น ผลิตภัณฑ์จากบริษัทหลักได้มากวิธีการเดินทาง โดยรถบรรทุกจะใช้บริษัทใหญ่ ประมาณ 40 ปีสำรวจตลาดนี้พัฒนาระบบขนาดใหญ่ของการผลิต ส่งออก และขายในประเทศบราซิล อย่างไรก็ตาม ข้อมูลพื้นฐานของผู้เป็นอาหารแช่แข็ง ด้วยเหนื่อยน้อยเนื้อเย็น สายไก่แช่แข็งเริ่มต้น ด้วยไข่ของไก่ที่นำเข้าจากสหรัฐอเมริกาหรือแคนาดาในยาย " Grandmothers เหล่านั้น จากเมื่อใด 20 สัปดาห์ ผลิตไข่ 60 สัปดาห์ ของ - ลูกสุนัข "ตามกระบวนการเดียวกัน และในสัปดาห์ที่ 20 โดยสมยอมผสมเทียมไก่สเปิร์ม จะผลิตไข่สัปดาห์ 60Those eggs will stay for around 21 days in an incubation plant in general close to breeding farms. After creation, those fowls will finally be hatching and will be transported to a farm of growing and fattening. The rearing process will take around 36 to 42 days. Then those birds will be slaughtered and their meat will pass thro ugh the so called primary processing (carcass production). Most part of the plants are equipped to generate further processing, having as final product cuts of chicken such as feet, breast, leg quarters, leg boneless, wings and so on, all of them frozen.The process in Brazil is not in synchrony and frozen stocks are very common. Those products are, in general, conducted until a consolidator and then they go to a regional distribution center, following the demand forecast and consensus meeting, a meeting with marketing, sales and operation of each big company, varying a little from each other, but that determines where to sell what was produced (specially the compulsory push sales one) and what to produce in pull demand plan. Most of the chicken parts are compulsorily produced because Brazil produces, for example, breast to export to Europe, and boneless leg to Japan and need to force sales of other parts of chicken in Brazil. Besides that, the frozen structures allow more time of stocks.The most important in this process is that sales force will sell only what is positioned into regional distribution centers and for chicken the most part of production is -Fordism" or a -Lean manufacturing" that pushes products into distribution systems with compulsory production. The frozen system is not working well, but it is enough to give a positive financial result for food distribution with food between from six months to two years of shelf life. The software of optimization of logistics of distribution is considering only minimum costs as objective function and it is affecting the possibility of enjoying new strategies. Production by order is something difficult to practice when there are those compulsory sales mentioned above.An example of short shelf life food distribution is fresh milk. Below it is illustrated how fresh milk is produced in a city of Paraná, South Brazil and transported to São Paulo city, the main market where a contractor seller will pick up the shipment at a transshipment point, using small trucks and distribute it selling through bakery houses around the São Paulo metropolitan area. For the company studied the product is first sold and then it is produced in a make to order system. For the contractor seller, that buys productS fro the industry, the sales will be simultaneously with the distribution because the product has a i~a1ly small shelf life, of only 7 days.The milk sales cycle starts with the contractor sellers calling the call center and ordering how many liters he will need for doing his clients routes. The process will be transmitted to a central that will process and consolidate the order until 11h30 am and then will transfer this order to the industry that will produce only what was ordered. The next figure shows the flow of distribution. It will be produced in Paraná, then fresh milk will pa ss through a transshipment and will be sold by a contractor seller to bakeries.
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