The decoding errors presented highlight learners had ‘imagined’ a word boundary between
the first and second syllable of ‘household’. This may have occurred because the usage of
‘household’ is not frequent (it has a spoken word frequency of 14.54 per million (Davies,
20082009)), and may not have been part of the learners’ mental lexicons, suggesting a text
problem. The separation of ‘household’ into two words may also have been associated with
a process problem due to resyllabification, i.e., where English speakers redistribute the final