Second, despite the importance of understandingemployees’ tendency to share knowledge and performextra-role behaviours, empirical studies on the influenceof performance measurement systems on these behaviourshave been limited. We contribute by providing evidenceon the role of incentive system design, and therefore thepotential role of the management accountant, in encour-aging knowledge-sharing behaviour. Further, Burney et al.(2009) recently showed that providing employees with aperformance management system incorporating a validstrategic causal model enhances individuals’ willingnessto perform organisation citizenship behaviour. Our studycomplements their survey research by highlighting thepotential moderating role of incentive scheme design inthese relationships.Third, while the strategy map is considered a criti-cal part of a strategic performance management system(e.g. Banker et al., 2009; Cheng and Humphreys, 2012;Kaplan and Norton, 2004), it has so far received verylittle attention in the accounting literature. Our studycontributes to this small but growing literature by exam-ining the effect of using the strategy map to communicatethe strategic value of HIA on managers’ effort allocationbehaviour.The rest of the paper is structured as follows. In Sec-tion 2 we present a set of hypotheses, firstly concerningknowledge-sharing behaviour, and secondly, individuals’general tendency to perform extra-role behaviour. Next,Section 3 outlines the experimental design and process,followed by Section 4, which presents our results; finally,Section 5 concludes and discusses the implications of ourfindings, and the future directions suggested by the study’slimitations.