When determining the minimum duration of incubation of the chitosan with an åν of 12 kDa and DD 85% with E. coli and B. subtilis cultures, aliquots were taken at time intervals of 10, 30, 60, and 120 min. We found that 80–100% of the cells died as early as 10 min after the incubation with this chitosan preparation. Thus, this experiment also showed a higher sensitivity of B. subtilis cells to chitosan, compared to E. coli cells