The sea anemone also derives direct and indirect nutritive
benefits from its resident. Not only ammonia, but also
sulphur and phosphorous excreted by the anemonefish are
eventually used by the zooxanthellae, the symbiotic dino-
flagellates living in the cells of the sea anemone providing
energy to the host (Porat and Chadwick-Furman, 2004,
2005). Similar effects were seen in a shrimp–sea anemone
association (Spotte,1996). Growth and asexual reproduction
rates were much higher in anemonefish associating anemones,
whereas anemones without anemonefishes had the
lowest rates