Because user training improves users’ understanding of ERP, it can motivate users to be more active and
cooperative in communication and collaboration with other departments in the post-implementation stage. Considering
the lack of inter-departmental integration in many organizations (Kahn 2003), it is often difficult to bring about users’
participationwithout on-going training. Training also helps users understand the importance of continuous
improvement efforts and motivate them. Users need to understand that changes are inevitable because of the market
environment, or the evolving nature of ERP and business processes (Ha and Ahn, 2013).