2.3. Test chamber
Emission testingwas carried out in a full scalewalk-in steel chamber
(20.28m3)with an ante-chamber (2.72m3) as inner entrance. Chamber
dimensions: height: 2.29 m; length: 3.46 m; width: 2.56 m. Table 1
shows the chamber specification and test conditions for the KCA and
PIAF. The chamber was supplied with HEPA filtered outdoor air taken
from the roof of the building (low traffic density environment). The
chamber could be lit with two fluorescent lamps in the ceiling; however,
they were unlit during experiments. Immediately, after the start of
the experiment, i.e. outer door closed, three mixing fans were turned
on for 60 s. The fans were placed in three corners on the floor and
5 cm from the chamber wall. The AER was 0.6 h−1, in accordance with
many European building standards for ventilation of 0.5 h−1 in dwellings
(Dimitroulopoulou, 2012). The AER included the chamber
exchange rate and the sampling rate of the particle monitor.
Prior to each experiment the chamber was purged by elevation of
the air exchange rate (about 15 h−1) for about 24 h. The chamber
backgroundwasmonitoredwith both Tenax TA (VOCs) and DNPH (carbonyls)
sampling, PID (photoionization) detection, and particles before
each new experiment, see below. Temperature and relative humidity
were measured by Tinytag loggers (Gemini data loggers, West Sussex,
UK) placed near the sampling positions and the chamber outlet