The shah alienated many people with these reforms. Landlords lost substantial power and influence due to land reforms , while peasants did not necessarily
Benefit from the increasing oil revenues and institutional reforms. Likewise, the
Bazaaris (merchants of the central market in Tehran) were put off by national-level industrialization, which often developed at their expense. Moreover, the shah demonized the clergy and instituted liberal dress codes and social norms,
Resulting in a widespread gulf between his secularized supporters and the more conservative elements of society.