benefits." Well-planned and carefully implemented antiunion campaigns culminating in secret-ballot
elections have led to employers succeeding in defeating unions in the majority of elections.
Not surprisingly, many unions are skeptical of the traditional secret-ballot election. Union
advocates claim that employers win secret-ballot elections because employers illegally threaten,
intimidate, and terminate employees who favor the union. Unions point to the numerous unfair labor
practice charges filed against employers as well as anecdotal evidence of unlawful employer behavior.