Global hotels are labor-intensive industries where workers often face problems like
long working hours, heavy workloads, and low wages (Gonzalez, 2004). Accordingly,
investigations of leadership-related issues that may influence hospitality employees’
perception and performance require further exploration. The first contribution in this
study was to incorporate both TFLs and TSLs to explore the relationship between
managers and employees. Previous research has often emphasized the significance and
contribution of TFLs, ignoring TSLs. However, theoretically speaking, as empirical
findings of this study suggest, TFLs and TSLs should be used simultaneously to get
the best effect of leadership styles. The meaning and contribution of TSLs must not be
overlooked, and this point is the main significance of this study.