From figure 2, Organization and management structure of autonomous public universities has been displayed. The university council has formulated any university development administration policy. The university president has acted as the university council member who has not only been responsible in formulating any university policy but also implementing or administering the policy.
The research has pointed out the autonomous public university president has actually empowered the university faculty and center/office heads authority and responsibility of production, marketing, financial, and human resource administration of the university.
Moreover, academic and academic supporting unit heads have acted also as the chairman of their own unit board. In another word, they have both formulated and implemented the policies.
Observance
The phenomena of duality of policy formulation and implementation should support any autonomous public university, especially in de-bureaucratized and speedy operations. Anyway, this may result in promoting any unit head of the university absolute power centralization.
Without any “effective check and balance” mechanism, the power duality may build up any unexpected result, such as conflicts of interest, dictatorship, or any corruption behavior in the autonomous public university organization and community.
Any undesirable behavior should be avoided and deleted if the university would like to show that any independent university or “autonomous public university” administrative system has worked well, created better quality, been more effective and efficient, and most of all, it have promoted “good governance” in all dimensions of organizational, local, societal and national development administration and administration development.