According to Wishart [15], it is difficult to correlate sperm quality measures and fertility in the turkey. However, many other authors have reported that in vitro sperm quality (especially mobility) reflects the in vivo fertility of turkeys [34-38] as occurs in other avian species [39]. Although our trial was conducted in vitro and we did not correlate our sperm quality measures with field fertility, a low semen quality is likely to lead to a low fertility rate after insemination.