1. Nile Basin States shall take all appropriate measures,
individually and, where appropriate, jointly, to protect,
conserve and, where necessary, rehabilitate the Nile River
Basin and its ecosystems, in particular, by:
(a) protecting and improving water quality within the
Nile River Basin,
(b) preventing the introduction of species, alien or new,
into the Nile River system which may have effects
detrimental to the ecosystems of the Nile River
Basin;