● cross-cultural management
●● comparative HRM
●● IHRM.
In broad terms, authors in the cross-cultural tradition argue that every nation
has its own unique sets of deep-lying values and beliefs, and that these are
reflected in the ways that societies operate, and in the ways that the economy
operates and people work and are managed at work. The comparative HRM
tradition focuses more specifically on the way that people work and explores the
differences between nations in the way that they manage this process. In general,
the comparative tradition makes more of the institutional differences than the
cultural differences. International HRM (and its more recent ‘strategic’ derivative,
SIHRM) examines the way organisations manage their human resources across
these different national contexts.