At the other end of the spectrum lie the more radical transformation change initiatives that are generally large scale and strategic in nature. A com-change may be proactive and involve considerable planning and adjustment over a number of years, or it may be in response to a sudden shift in world economies and business market activities. The growth , development and change in the telecommunications and computer industries over the last two decades provide us with a number of examples of radical change and the concomitant rise and fall of the associated dot.com companies. Within the oil and gas sector, major multinational companies like shell and BP are repositioning themselves as energy companies in a long-term strategy for corporate renewal.