The
influence
of
trees
on
the
solar
radiation
intercepted
by
buildings
is
an
important
aspect
in
under
standing
the
complex
inter-relations
between
urban
form
and
environmental
conditions.
In
this
paper
we
describe
the
application
of
laser
remote
sensing
technologies
to
examine
the
structural
properties
of
the
urban
surface
and
present
methods
to
quantify
the
diurnal
and
seasonal
impact
of
trees
on
solar
radiation
in
these
areas.
LiDAR
(light
detection
and
ranging)
data
provides
the
three
dimensional
informa
tion
required
to
populate
geographic
information
system-based
radiation
models,
which
are
produced
at
hourly
intervals
for
the
summer
and
winter
solstice
and
equinox
in
a
midlatitude
North
American
city.
Structural
information
for
buildings
and
trees
are
extracted
for
individual
lots
and
related
to
direct
and
diffuse
radiation
for
urban
residential
dwellings.
Results
indicate
that
trees
on
average
reduce
38%
of
the
total
solar
radiation
received
by
residential
building
rooftops.
Additionally,
strong
correlations
were
found
between
measures
of
tree
structure
(average
height,
tree
height
variability,
and
normalized
tree
volume)
and
intercepted
direct
radiation
in
the
summer,
while
the
relationships
with
diffuse
radi
ation
were
consistent
throughout
the
year.
Finally,
an
examination
of
the
hourly
relation
between
tree
structural
attributes
and
rooftop
radiation
estimates
demonstrates
substantial
variation
not
apparent
in
the
assessment
of
daily
averages.
Discussion
of
this
research
explains
the
application
of
LiDAR
data
to
automate
urban
vegetation
analysis
and
to
inform
planners
of
the
cumulative
impacts
of
trees
on
energy
management
initiatives
in
cities
The
influence
of
trees
on
the
solar
radiation
intercepted
by
buildings
is
an
important
aspect
in
under
standing
the
complex
inter-relations
between
urban
form
and
environmental
conditions.
In
this
paper
we
describe
the
application
of
laser
remote
sensing
technologies
to
examine
the
structural
properties
of
the
urban
surface
and
present
methods
to
quantify
the
diurnal
and
seasonal
impact
of
trees
on
solar
radiation
in
these
areas.
LiDAR
(light
detection
and
ranging)
data
provides
the
three
dimensional
informa
tion
required
to
populate
geographic
information
system-based
radiation
models,
which
are
produced
at
hourly
intervals
for
the
summer
and
winter
solstice
and
equinox
in
a
midlatitude
North
American
city.
Structural
information
for
buildings
and
trees
are
extracted
for
individual
lots
and
related
to
direct
and
diffuse
radiation
for
urban
residential
dwellings.
Results
indicate
that
trees
on
average
reduce
38%
of
the
total
solar
radiation
received
by
residential
building
rooftops.
Additionally,
strong
correlations
were
found
between
measures
of
tree
structure
(average
height,
tree
height
variability,
and
normalized
tree
volume)
and
intercepted
direct
radiation
in
the
summer,
while
the
relationships
with
diffuse
radi
ation
were
consistent
throughout
the
year.
Finally,
an
examination
of
the
hourly
relation
between
tree
structural
attributes
and
rooftop
radiation
estimates
demonstrates
substantial
variation
not
apparent
in
the
assessment
of
daily
averages.
Discussion
of
this
research
explains
the
application
of
LiDAR
data
to
automate
urban
vegetation
analysis
and
to
inform
planners
of
the
cumulative
impacts
of
trees
on
energy
management
initiatives
in
cities
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