the overall sample of 76 feet, mean SD HV angle was 22.2° 10.6°, as measured on radiographs. Of the 76 feet studied, 22 were classified as having no HV deformity (HV angle less than 15°), 14 as having a mild deformity (greater than or equal to 15° and less than 20°), 37 as moderate (20°-40°), and 3 as severe (greater than 40°)