2. Multiple memory systems: understanding the role of the
basal ganglia
Extensive converging evidence indicates that long-term memory
is not unitary, but instead consists of multiple cognitive processes
that rely on discrete neural systems and are governed by
distinct learning rules and forms of plasticity (Gabrieli, 1998;
Squire & Zola, 1996; White & McDonald, 2002). This concept, often
referred to as the multiple memory systems framework, originated
from neuropsychological research with patients with specific pat-