The F0 (i.e., initial force) parameter of mantou increases
with the increased PCF substitution. However, the k1 and k2
parameters of mantou significantly reduces with increased
PCF substitution (Table 2). Hence, 10e15% PCF-enriched
mantous were more rigid and less elastic than mantous with
0e5% PCF. The increasing and decreasing patterns of mantou
in F0, k1, and k2 in the PelegeNormand model (Table 2) were
consistent with hardness and springiness, respectively (Fig. 1).
The result of stress relaxation in this study was similar to the
study of Wu et al [3], which showed that increasing the substitution
of wheat flour by wheat bran resulted in less elasticity
of steamed bread. Li et al [31] indicate that the relaxation
properties of dough depend on gluten protein. Zhang et al [32]
found a moderate correlation coefficient (r ¼ 0.55e0.61) between
stress relaxation of steamed bread and gluten in a
fraction of wheat cultivar.
The F0 (i.e., initial force) parameter of mantou increaseswith the increased PCF substitution. However, the k1 and k2parameters of mantou significantly reduces with increasedPCF substitution (Table 2). Hence, 10e15% PCF-enrichedmantous were more rigid and less elastic than mantous with0e5% PCF. The increasing and decreasing patterns of mantouin F0, k1, and k2 in the PelegeNormand model (Table 2) wereconsistent with hardness and springiness, respectively (Fig. 1).The result of stress relaxation in this study was similar to thestudy of Wu et al [3], which showed that increasing the substitutionof wheat flour by wheat bran resulted in less elasticityof steamed bread. Li et al [31] indicate that the relaxationproperties of dough depend on gluten protein. Zhang et al [32]found a moderate correlation coefficient (r ¼ 0.55e0.61) betweenstress relaxation of steamed bread and gluten in afraction of wheat cultivar.
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