This study suggests that health promotion programs are effective in improving medication adherence which has been a crucial problem in TB treatment. The program can be led by nurses to promote and maintain medication adherence among TB patients in rural centers in Indonesia. Nurses who served in the public health center could deliver the program, which would include their regular services, working with other health professionals. Increasing medication adherence could achieve a greater impact on the health of the population than any improvement in specific medical treatments. Studies consistently find significant cost-savings and increased effectiveness of health interventions to improve medication adherence. However, training related to TB treatment, staff hiring, and financial support are required to make the program work effectively.