All experiments were performed within three months because
the properties of carrot change with different seasons. In all experiments,
the initial moisture content was determined by drying
the carrot sample for more than 24 h in an oven type drier (383 K)
after the drying experiment. If the initial moisture content was out
of the range of 9.8e10.2 kg-water/kg-dry solid, the experimental
data were not used in the experimental results. To confirm the
accuracy, for each experimental point (freezing pretreatment, hotair
fluidized bed, 12 kPa chamber pressure, and 120 min of drying
time), the experiment was repeated five times and the accuracy
was ±0.074 kg-water/kg-dry solid of moisture content. From the
experimental data obtained in different seasons, it was confirmed
that the trends in the experimental data did not vary based on the
season.