To compensate for surface water deprivation and degradation due to transportation operations, hydraulic structures could be constructed as a permanent part of the project.
These structures include sediment basins, vegetative filters, wetlands, and deep ponds.
Other palliative measures include the use of sediment removal and macrophyte (weed) harvesting for restoring lakes and reservoirs that have suffered surface water quality degradation or eutrophication.
In extreme cases of water pollution from transportation activities, pollutant load in stormwater runoff could be reduced using a small physica chemical treatment plant built for this purpose, and capable of chemical flocculation, settling and filtering.
Physical elements of such plants may include detention basins and ponds, sand filter beds, wetlands, nfiltration basins, and percolation basins