growth and ethanol production by E. coli KO11 and K. oxytoca P2 under these conditions. Although KO11 and P2 did not grow in sugarcane juice without supplements (Fig. 3A), ethanol yield was approximately 11 g/L after 96h (Fig. 3B). Both bacteria presented rapid growth and ethanol production when supplements were added. In sugarcane juice with 0.5% yeast extract, ethanol production was approximately 34 g/L for both bacteria after 96h. Upon addition of yeast extract, thiamine and micronutrients, KO11 ethanol production rose to 39.4 g ethanol/L and P2 production to 42.1 g/L after 96h (Fig. 3B). Ethanol production in this case was slightly higher than in sugarcane juice with only yeast extract added.