In the listening condition, students were informed that they would be viewing a video lecture on the television screen (see Fig. 2). Participants were seated in front of computers at individual stations but were advised not to use the laptops during the pre- sentation of the video. Participants were shown a video of a researcher reading the experimental passage on a 55ein. Samsung LED high-definition television placed at the front of the classroom. The audio was delivered through a Sony surround sound home theater system (model number BDV-E370). The sound level of the audio presentation was 70 dBA. This corresponded to the sound level of a normal vocal effort. To ensure the test subjects could clearly hear and understand the test passage as it was read, a minimum signal-to-noise ratio of 10 dBA was required between the vocal effort sound level and the test room background sound level. To achieve this, it was necessary to reduce the test room background sound level from 65 dBA to 60 dBA for the listening condition. The measured background sound level was constant throughout the test room. The measured variation of the sound level associated with the vocal effort of the read test passage throughout the test room was less than 2 dBA. The speech intel- ligibility index was not measured for these tests. However, for a person with normal hearing, the vocal effort associated with the presentation of the test passage was clearly audible and Participant distribution across conditions.