Hence, the toxins will be present longer and at higher concentrations in soil than toxins introduced with commercial preparations of B. thuringiensis. These concentrations could (1) exceed consumption by larvae, abiotic inactivation, and degradation by the microbiota and (2) result in amounts of toxins that could constitute a hazard to nontarget organisms and enhance the selection of toxin-resistant target insects, especially if the toxins are bound on soil constituents.