The possible score range was from 12 to 60, with higher scores associated with a higher level of communication competence.There liability of this instrument inIm’s (2011) study was reported as Cronbach’s ! = .80. The reliability in this study was Cronbach’s ! = .82.
The self-efficacy scale revised by Kim (2006) was used to measure the level of self-efficacy among the participants. It consists of 20 questions scored using a 5-point scale. The possible score range was from 20 to 100, with higher scores associated with a higher level of self-efficacy. The reliability of the instrument in Kim’s study was reported as Cronbach’s! = .89. The reliability in this study was Cronbach’s ! = .86.