In 2 distinct cohorts of childbearing women in northern California, we found that several dimensions of interpersonal processes of care, which reflect the patient---provider experience during th eprenatal period,were independently associated with risk of cesarean delivery. Among women at KP-WC, a group-model integrated delivery system, higher mean scores on the provider’s “elicitation of patient problems and responsiveness” conferred a lower riskofcesareandelivery,whereashigherscores on “empowerment/self-care” were associated with a higher risk of cesarean delivery. In subgroup analyses of women without a history of cesarean delivery, we found that higher mean scores on the provider’s “elicitation of patient problems and responsiveness” remained inversely associated with cesarean delivery. This indicates that among the KP-WC women who had a primary cesarean delivery, the IPC measures are fairly robust and still explain some of the risk associated with this delivery method. If women at the KP-WC site tend to prefer cesarean deliveries, then the relationship between the provider’s empowerment, emotional support, and respectfulness and cesarean delivery may be a result of patient preferences.