Hofstede's (2010) critical question regarding the GLOBE study was, "What did
GLOBE really measure?" (p. 1340). Hofstede perceived the GLOBE study as having
demonstrated a need "to define its dimensions in a way to hold face validity and to make
psychological sense" (p. 1340); but in Hofstede's empirical research, he found that
"distinctions derived from comparing collective trends in respondents' answers across
countries did not necessarily make psychological sense at the individual level" (p. 1340).
This psychological assumption on the individual level of a culture aligned with
Hofstede's (2001) previous scholarship, which concluded that "cultures are not king-size
individuals. They are wholes, and their internal logic cannot be understood in the terms
used for the personality dynamics of the individual" (p. 17).