A series of experimental studies were conducted with Pacific white shrimp,
Litopenaeus vannamei, to evaluate the use of plant protein sources as replacement
ingredients for fish meal in commercially manufactured diets for shrimp reared in green
water environments. In the first study, juvenile (mean weight + S.D., 0.031 + 0.0005g)
shrimp were stocked in 16 0.1-ha low-water-exchange ponds and reared over an 18-week
culture period. Four commercially extruded diets formulated to contain 35% crude
protein and 8% lipids were evaluated. These diets included 16% poultry by-product meal
and varying levels of fish meal (9, 6, 3, and 0%), which was replaced by a combination of
soybean meal and corn gluten meal to replace the protein originating from fish meal. At