Marxism has been influential in the development of approaches to international political economy which have a critical or emancipatoryintent.
Marx wrote about the origins and development of modern capi talism, but not as an end in itself: he was especially interested in the social forces that would bring about its downfall with the result that the mass of humanity would be free from domination and exploitation Neo-Gramscian approaches work in the same spirit by focusing on the role of counter-hegemonic political forces in the global order that is, on the various groups which are opposed to a world system which produces among other things massive global inequalities and damage to the natural environment.