High levels ofcadmium(Cd) in paddy soil and rice, and a concurrent increase in urinaryCdof inhabitants in
the Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand first emerged in 2003. Risk factors such as occupation, sources
of staple food and drinking water as well as biomarkers of adverse renal effects of the increased body burden
of Cd were investigated in 795 residents, 30 years or older, whose urinary Cd levels were between 0.02
and 106g/g creatinine. Farmerswhoconsumed theirownrice and residentswhosourced drinking water
from wells and/or the river demonstrated increased urinary Cd. Age-adjusted mean urinary cadmium for
male and female subjects who consumed well water was 5.7g/g vs. 6.1g/g creatinine while the corresponding
value for male and female subjects who did not consume well water was 3.7g/g vs. 4.8g/g
creatinine, respectively. Increased urinary levels of 2-microglobulin and N-acetyl--d-glucosaminidase
were observed with the increase in urinary Cd, indicating tubular dysfunction and renal damage associated
with increase in Cd body burden. Consumption of well water and rice grown in the contaminated area
increase the body burden of Cd. Cessation of exposure is essential to prevent and possibly recover from
Cd toxicity, especially among the residents whose kidney damage and malfunction may be reversible.
High levels ofcadmium(Cd) in paddy soil and rice, and a concurrent increase in urinaryCdof inhabitants in
the Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand first emerged in 2003. Risk factors such as occupation, sources
of staple food and drinking water as well as biomarkers of adverse renal effects of the increased body burden
of Cd were investigated in 795 residents, 30 years or older, whose urinary Cd levels were between 0.02
and 106g/g creatinine. Farmerswhoconsumed theirownrice and residentswhosourced drinking water
from wells and/or the river demonstrated increased urinary Cd. Age-adjusted mean urinary cadmium for
male and female subjects who consumed well water was 5.7g/g vs. 6.1g/g creatinine while the corresponding
value for male and female subjects who did not consume well water was 3.7g/g vs. 4.8g/g
creatinine, respectively. Increased urinary levels of 2-microglobulin and N-acetyl--d-glucosaminidase
were observed with the increase in urinary Cd, indicating tubular dysfunction and renal damage associated
with increase in Cd body burden. Consumption of well water and rice grown in the contaminated area
increase the body burden of Cd. Cessation of exposure is essential to prevent and possibly recover from
Cd toxicity, especially among the residents whose kidney damage and malfunction may be reversible.
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