Another key strategy for the Chinese government in the early twenty-first century is massive deficit spending on infrastructure as a form of “New Deal” to resolve infrastructural problems and simultaneously employ huge numbers of workers and stimulate continued rapid economic growth. Government investment plans include spending us$200 billion turning the city of Chongqing in southwestern China into a transportation and industrial hub near what had been (until these and other government development plans were announced) the world’s single largest infrastructural investment, the us$30 billion Three Gorges Dam (Kahn 2003). The Chinese government is investing us$60 billion in new road construction during the end of the 1990s and early 2000s, us$30 billion on railroad construction during the same period (33 Metalproducin 1998: 42), and billions more on port construction