The result is that the system freezes. Although individuals may be unhappy with the status quo, they realize that their work toward changing a component of the organization will only result in frustration and failed attempts. Individuals withdraw to their particular units and focus on more microscopic changes such as improving their teaching or perhaps working more collaboratively within their department. Collaborative work at the organizational level, however, is eschewed because of a history of previous failures. This static organizational culture is particularly worrisome at a time when external pressures expect change.