1. Introduction
The Modern history of international organization (IO) reflects an uneven
development of both the practice and concept that go under that name. The
term is used in different ways and we apply it to both IO conceived as formal
institutional organizations and in a more general sense of order creation.
Furthermore,international organization includes not only interstate
arrangements but, increasingly, arrangements among non-governmental and
transnational actors. Thus, the landscape of international organizations(IOs)
includes both intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and international
non-governmental organizations (NGOs). International organization is clearly
a very broad concept, which has evolved with the practice of various forms of
international governance. Aur main task here is to chart the theoretical
development of understanding about IO. We emphasize approaches that are mostrelevant to international law and economics, while noting important
contributions and challenges posed by alternative perspectives.
Aftera descriptive summary of the history and evolution of IOs, we discuss
threegeneral conceptions of IO as formal organization, as international
orderingprinciple and as international regime. Cooperation theory then
provides a theoretical bridge from therealist ordering principle of anarchy to
theneoliberal argument regarding the role of regimes. In turn, elaboration of
regimeanalysis has laid the ground for a reintegration of international law and
internationalrelations (IR), an incorporation of various forms of new
institutional analysis, a closer concern for specific institutional design
principles and, finally,to a new appreciation of the role of formal institutions
whichhad long ago been abandoned in theory if not in practice. Finally, we
notethe challenges posed by other traditions of international organization and
indicate promising future directions for productive theorizing.
1. Introduction
The Modern history of international organization (IO) reflects an uneven
development of both the practice and concept that go under that name. The
term is used in different ways and we apply it to both IO conceived as formal
institutional organizations and in a more general sense of order creation.
Furthermore,international organization includes not only interstate
arrangements but, increasingly, arrangements among non-governmental and
transnational actors. Thus, the landscape of international organizations(IOs)
includes both intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and international
non-governmental organizations (NGOs). International organization is clearly
a very broad concept, which has evolved with the practice of various forms of
international governance. Aur main task here is to chart the theoretical
development of understanding about IO. We emphasize approaches that are mostrelevant to international law and economics, while noting important
contributions and challenges posed by alternative perspectives.
Aftera descriptive summary of the history and evolution of IOs, we discuss
threegeneral conceptions of IO as formal organization, as international
orderingprinciple and as international regime. Cooperation theory then
provides a theoretical bridge from therealist ordering principle of anarchy to
theneoliberal argument regarding the role of regimes. In turn, elaboration of
regimeanalysis has laid the ground for a reintegration of international law and
internationalrelations (IR), an incorporation of various forms of new
institutional analysis, a closer concern for specific institutional design
principles and, finally,to a new appreciation of the role of formal institutions
whichhad long ago been abandoned in theory if not in practice. Finally, we
notethe challenges posed by other traditions of international organization and
indicate promising future directions for productive theorizing.
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