Applications for the identification of the nonprobative
forensic samples
The real-time RT-LAMP system was applied to the identification
of body fluids from 21 non-probative forensic
samples where it was suspected that the blood was present.
The real casework traces are described in the supplementary
material (Online Resource 1). The time intervals between
sampling at the crime scenes and analyzing in this
study ranged from about 1 month to 12 years. The original
blood samples were observed on the surface of the substrates
such as a mobile phone, bed, knife, and trouser
pocket etc. All samples except sample 6 tested positive for
the presence of blood using KM and/or HemDirect. For all
these samples, expression of the 18S rRNA and HBB was
detected within 60 min (Table 2); thus confirming the
presence of blood. For sample 4, 5 and 6, results of the
presumptive tests (KM or HemDirect tests) were either not
concordant or unclear, however the presence of blood was