Three interesting conceptual issues are worthy of discussion here. First, much of the work on charismatic leadership has eschewed the Weberian perspective that charismatic leaders are rare or extraordinary. Conger(1989,p.161), for example,opined that charisma"is not some magical ability limited to a handful." As Trice and Beyer (1986) and Beyer (1999) noted, charismatic leadership has been tamed in that it is assumed that charisma is a property possessed by all individuals,to a greater or lesser degree.On the one hand, if we are to empirically study charismatic leadership, we cannot do so based on the assumption that it is a quality held by a handful of individuals(there are not enough such leaders to study). On the other hand, if charisma is seen as relatively prosaic,have we damaged the concept? Cleary,the charismatic qualities of political leaders from Lincoln to Hitler, religious leaders from Martin Lunther to Pope John Paul II, and business leaders from Estee Lauder to Jack Welch,do not seem to be a general commodity.