D3.2. Environment. Wakefield et al. (1996) suggest that the stadium environment may have a significant effect on the extent to which a spectator desires to return to the venue. Environment quality is similar to Chelladurai and Chang’s (2000) dimen- sion of “context.” According to Greenwell et al. (2002a), consumer perceptions of the physical environment at a sporting event are positively related to attendance at a sporting event, motivation to attend an event, and willingness to attend the athletic event. Salient factors of the physical environment include cleanliness of the restrooms, comfortable seating, sound system, parking facilities, stadium signage, facility layout, and facility design.