Gaze is a particularly important nonverbal cue in social interactions
that robots have at their disposal [8]. Research in
human-robot interaction (HRI) has investigated the positive
outcomes achievable through a robot’s gaze behavior, including
increasing the robot’s competence in conversations with
people [1, 30, 29], enabling joint attention and referential communication
[17, 41], and improving upon the robot’s ability
to hand objects to people [27]. To be truly effective, the robot
must be able to adapt its behaviors in two ways. First, it must
adapt to the unique characteristics of its user, and second, it
must adapt to changes in user needs and behaviors throughout
an interaction and across multiple interactions
Gaze is a particularly important nonverbal cue in social interactionsthat robots have at their disposal [8]. Research inhuman-robot interaction (HRI) has investigated the positiveoutcomes achievable through a robot’s gaze behavior, includingincreasing the robot’s competence in conversations withpeople [1, 30, 29], enabling joint attention and referential communication[17, 41], and improving upon the robot’s abilityto hand objects to people [27]. To be truly effective, the robotmust be able to adapt its behaviors in two ways. First, it mustadapt to the unique characteristics of its user, and second, itmust adapt to changes in user needs and behaviors throughoutan interaction and across multiple interactions
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