Transport is not the only sector that uses fossil fuels in combustion. The manufacturing,
power generation, and household sectors all involve fossil-fuel combustion, to such differing
degrees that the contribution of each to the global and local pollution described in chapter I can
differ widely across regions. A recent study by the World Bank found that the transport sector’s
share of fossil fuel consumption in six cities in developing countries varied between 4 and 35 per
cent, as shown in table II.1 below. These shares can be loosely interpreted to reflect, very
roughly, the proportion of air pollution attributable to the transport sector (although not
necessarily the transport sector’s share of costs associated with these emissions). Shanghai and
Krakow show particularly low shares of transport fossil fuel consumption; these cities still have
large amounts of energy use, mostly coal burning for industrial uses, located within their
perimeters.