Osborne and Gaebler argue that customer-driven government is superior to bureaucratic government, having the advantages of greater accountability, greater innovation, the possibility of generating more service choices, and less waste (1992, 180--85). Similarly, Barzelay contends that thinking in terms of customer service helps public managers articulate their concerns about performance and come up with innovative solutions to problems that arise (Barzelay 1992, 6-7). For those agencies that interact directly with the public, the recipient of the service is the ‘’customer.’’ For some staff agencies (such as budgeting or purchasing), there is rather an internal customer, the agencies whose work they support.