the findings and results from this study are limited
to its assumptions (Courville & Hausman, 1979). The response rate
of the study was acceptable but a pan-European survey always has
limitations that stem from the heterogeneity of hotels across EU
member states. Another limitation of the survey was that it is
unlikely to capture ‘ad hoc’ situations; thus, it draws generalisations
rather than making a specific application of lean techniques to
each hotel. It was not possible to collect valid data to examine the
production variety funnel