Advantages of second generation biofuels
Compared with first generation biofuels, second generation biofuels are generally more efficient and environmentally friendly. Less farmland is required to grow the same amount of feedstock, because the whole plant can be used instead of just the grain or oil, which also means the edible part of the plant need not be used for biofuel. A mixture of crops can be grown, which generally requires less fertiliser and has less impact on biodiversity. Also, by-products are produced that can be used in other chemical processes or burned for heat and power.
In some areas of the world, first generation biofuel processes can still provide an environmentally-friendly fuel supply. This occurs in situations where there is a surplus of cheap raw materials, which can be grown without having a detrimental effect on the environment or habitat. For example, Brazil grows large quantities of sugar cane without using fertilisers that harm the environment. This has enabled Brazil to generate 23% of all its energy from natural fuels, compared with the 1.7% achieved on a global level.