Inconclusion,the results presented in this study highlight the conserved role of glycerol accumulation as well as the involvement of the HOG MAP kinase path way in the osmotic stress response. The availability of the complete genome sequence(Piskur et al., 2012) and the development of molecular tools will allow to understand in detail how this signal transduction path way controls the stress response in D.bruxellensis. Although the HOG path way appears to be conserved even among distantly related species,the pathway may in each species also be adapted to the specific niche requirements. Forexample, among pathogenic yeasts the HOG pathwayalsoplaysaroleinvirulence(Rispailetal.,2009).We could speculate that in D.bruxellensis it can also have afunction under other stress conditions, as the ones that this yeast copes in fermentation processes