lipohydroxy acid (LHA) is structurally characterized as an SA molecule. This “attachment” allows for LHA to be more lipophilic than SA, while penetrating less deeply, which may partially account for its lower irritation potential. LHA appears to modulate trans-membrane glycoproteins and not affect the coenocyte membrane, which allows LHA to induce desquamation of individual desmosomes, resulting in cleaner and more even exfoliation.