Aditya told me that he produced staple fiber in Thailand from pulp that he bought bought from
Canada. He sent the fiber to his factory in Indonesia for converting to yarn. He exported
the yarn to Belgium, where it was made into carpets and finally, the carpet was exported
to Canada. ‘’Here is Aditya Birla, ‘’ I thought, ‘’ an Indian,and yet India does not figure in
this global-value added chain.’’It did not because India had closed its economy.
closing it, it denied its citizens the chance to participate in the enormous expansions in
global trade in the second half of the twentieth century. It denied its people jobs,
technology, knowledge, and new ways of organizing. Thus it deliberately suppressed
economic growth.’'(pp. 183-184)