A prospective correlationakomparative design recruited a con-venience sample of 91 participants who were between the ages
of 18-30 and smoked Hookah. Three hookah lounges were
randomly selected tlnough using an lntemet search of hookah
lotrrges and cafes within Southem Califomia. Venue owners
were contacted, and permission was obtained verbally to allow
conduct of the snrdy's survey. The selected cafes served hookah
tobacco as a main item and bave a Iarge population of hookah
smokers, especially during the weekends. To insure elimination
of bias, southern Califomia hookah lounges were listed and
numbered ih an alphabetical sequence and a computerized list
of random numbers werc generated from www.randomizer.ory.
The first three selected by the random process did not initiaily
agree to participate in the study; therefore, the investigator
needed to go fi.rrther down the list until three hookah lounge
owners agreed to be paft of the study.