(a) Shannon index (Shannon and Weaver, 1963) was used for
species diversity
−= 2 log ' pipiH
where, pi is the proportion of total stand basal area represented by
the ith species
(b) Concentration of dominance was measured by the Simpson
index (Simpson, 1949)
2 = NNiCd )/(
where Ni and N were the same as explained above and it varies
between 0-1.
(c)Equitability (e) was calculated as suggested by Pielou (1969)
−= ln/' SHe
where H’ = Shannon index and S = the number of species
(d)Species richness was calculated by the following Margaleaf
(1958) equation
−= ln/1 NSd
where S = total number of species; N = basal cover of all species
(m2
ha -1).
(e) Beta diversity was calculated as (Whittaker, 1972)
= / sScbd
where Sc = total number of species in all sites and s is average
species per site.