A study assessing trends from 1952 to 1992 in the
United Kingdom25 reported an elasticity of 2.43 (p
0.05) for off-premises density and beer consumption
but no significant association for other beverages (except
hard cider). Finally, a study33 examining data from
1968 to 1986 in Canada reported a significant association
between reductions in off-premises density and
reductions in alcohol consumption. This study also
found an association between changes in outlet
density and cirrhosis mortality, which was mediated
by changes in alcohol consumption. When the alcohol
consumption variable was added to the analytic
model, the coefficient for cirrhosis mortality was no
longer significant.