The World Health Organization (WHO), along with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), has held several consultations and concluded in a scientific assessment report that “there is clear evidence of adverse human health consequences due to resistant organisms resulting from non-human usage of antimicrobials.”6 Prolonged courses of low-dose antibiotics, which are typical for non-therapeutic uses of antibiotics in food animals, increase the selective pressure for drug-resistant bacterial strains.7 Studies have shown that the cross-species transmission of these antibiotic-resistant bacteria occurs through direct contact with animals or indirectly through contaminated food, water, and animal waste from livestock operations, which reenters the food chain through groundwater and fertilizers in farm fields (See Figure 1).