Foods and beverages are a complex mixture of volatile, nonvolatile, visual, structural, and irritant information that are perceived independently by the different senses and integrated into a single impression we term perception. Food choice and intake behaviors are based on this integrated perception of the sensory character of foods, which links their macronutrient and energy content to their sensory signature. Aroma is perceived by the olfactory system in the nasal cavity, while taste, irritation, and texture are perceived in the oral cavity, and all are underpinned by independent anatomical and neurological transduction mechanisms. Moreover, the senses have the unique ability to integrate the combination of temporally disparate sensory interactions that occur during the dynamic process of food consumption into a continuous perceptual output. The seeming simplicity of human sensory measurement belies an incredibly complex dynamic multimodal integration process that enables us to interpret the physicochemical environment through the interaction of the physical stimulus and our physiological and psychological responses.